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1 opposed patent application
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > opposed patent application
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2 opposed patent application
• противопоставена патентна заявкаEnglish-Bulgarian polytechnical dictionary > opposed patent application
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3 opposed patent application
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4 application
1) заявка (заявка на патент - это комплект документов, состоящий из: ходатайства, описания изобретения, чертежей, формулы изобретения, присяги или торжественного заявления изобретателя и подтверждения уплаты заявочной пошлины)2) заявление, прошение, ходатайство3) применение, употребление4) внесение (напр. поправки)5) прикладная задача, прикладная система•- confidential nature of an application
- application establishing priority
- application for a foreign patent
- application for a license
- application for a patent
- application for a postponement
- application for cancellation
- application for compensation
- application for continuation of examination
- application for conversion
- application for registration
- application for respite
- application for revocation
- application for the grant of a patent
- application for the protection of an invention
- application for the registration of a mark
- application for the registration of a trademark
- application for the reissue of a patent
- application for the renewal of a patent
- application for the renewal of the registration of mark
- application for urgency
- application in home country
- application in issue
- application made special
- application not satisfying requirements of patentability
- application on appeal
- application on file
- application on record
- patent application as published for opposition
- application of correction
- abandoned application
- accepted application
- actual application
- additional application
- allowed application
- amended application
- amplified application
- attacked application
- basic application
- challenging application
- chemical application
- CIP application
- cognate application
- colliding application
- commercial application
- continuation application
- continuation-in-part application
- continuing application
- Convention application
- copending applications
- copyright application
- corresponding application
- defective application
- defensively published application
- defensive publication application
- definite application
- denial application
- dependent application
- design patent application
- divisional application
- dragnet application
- earlier filed application
- employment application
- examined application
- ex parte application
- fatally defective application
- faulty application
- filed application
- finally rejected application
- first application
- foreign patent application
- forfeited application
- forfeitured application
- illegal application
- improper application
- improvement application
- incomplete application
- incorrect patent application
- independent application
- industrial application
- initial application
- instant application
- interfering application
- international application under the PCT
- joint application
- later application
- later-dated application
- later-field application
- main application
- mark application
- method application
- national application
- native application
- new application
- non-convention application
- nonexamined application
- nonpriority application
- opposed patent application
- original application
- original foreign application
- parent application
- patent application
- pending application
- pending patent application
- plant patent application
- practical application
- preliminary application
- previous application
- prior application
- priority application
- private patent application
- process application
- provisional application for a patent
- published application
- reciprocity application
- refiled application
- refused application
- regional application under the PCT
- regular application - related applications
- renewal application
- representative application
- restricted application
- secret application
- secret patent application
- semifinished application
- separate application
- signed application
- special application
- streamlined continuation application
- subsequent application
- substitute application
- trademark application
- united application
- U. S. application
- useful application
- verified application
- vicious patent application
- withdrawn application
- written application* * *заявка (комплект официальных документов, представляемый заявителем в патентное ведомство для получения охранного документа: патента, свидетельства о регистрации товарного знака или промышленного образца) -
5 material
1) материал2) документ; документация3) вещество4) существенный; материальный•- material opposed to a patent
- application materials
- backdated patent materials
- background material
- component material
- copyright material
- copyrighted material
- patent information materials
- raw material
- reference material
- reference material used in searching
- search material
- source material
- teaching material -
6 Meikle, Andrew
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1719 Scotlandd. 27 November 1811[br]Scottish millwright and inventor of the threshing machine.[br]The son of the millwright James Meikle, who is credited with the introduction of the winnowing machine into Britain, Andrew Meikle followed in his father's footsteps. His inventive inclinations were first turned to developing his father's idea, and together with his own son George he built and patented a double-fan winnowing machine.However, in the history of agricultural development Andrew Meikle is most famous for his invention of the threshing machine, patented in 1784. He had been presented with a model of a threshing mill designed by a Mr Ilderton of Northumberland, but after failing to make a full-scale machine work, he developed the concept further. He eventually built the first working threshing machine for a farmer called Stein at Kilbagio. The patent revolutionized farming practice because it displaced the back-breaking and soul-destroying labour of flailing the grain from the straw. The invention was of great value in Scotland and in northern England when the land was becoming underpopulated as a result of heavy industrialization, but it was bitterly opposed in the south of England until well into the nineteenth century. Although the introduction of the threshing machine led to the "Captain Swing" riots of the 1830s, in opposition to it, it shortly became universal.Meikle's provisional patent in 1785 was a natural progression of earlier attempts by other millwrights to produce such a machine. The published patent is based on power provided by a horse engine, but these threshing machines were often driven by water-wheels or even by windmills. The corn stalks were introduced into the machine where they were fed between cast-iron rollers moving quite fast against each other to beat the grain out of the ears. The power source, whether animal, water or wind, had to cause the rollers to rotate at high speed to knock the grain out of the ears. While Meikle's machine was at first designed as a fixed barn machine powered by a water-wheel or by a horse wheel, later threshing machines became mobile and were part of the rig of an agricultural contractor.In 1788 Meikle was awarded a patent for the invention of shuttered sails for windmills. This patent is part of the general description of the threshing machine, and whilst it was a practical application, it was superseded by the work of Thomas Cubitt.At the turn of the century Meikle became a manufacturer of threshing machines, building appliances that combined the threshing and winnowing principles as well as the reciprocating "straw walkers" found in subsequent threshing machines and in conventional combine harvesters to the present day. However, he made little financial gain from his invention, and a public subscription organized by the President of the Board of Agriculture, Sir John Sinclair, raised £1,500 to support him towards the end of his life.[br]Bibliography1831, Threshing Machines in The Dictionary of Mechanical Sciences, Arts and Manufactures, London: Jamieson, Alexander.7 March 1768, British patent no. 896, "Machine for dressing wheat, malt and other grain and for cleaning them from sand, dust and smut".9 April 1788, British patent no. 1,645, "Machine which may be worked by cattle, wind, water or other power for the purpose of separating corn from the straw".Further ReadingJ.E.Handley, 1953, Scottish Farming in the 18th Century, and 1963, The Agricultural Revolution in Scotland (both place Meikle and his invention within their context).G.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (gives an account of the early development of harvesting and cereal treatment machinery).KM / AP -
7 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, Englandd. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England[br]English inventor of the screw propeller.[br]Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1871.Further ReadingObituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.LRDBiographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
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